algorithmic trading. StockSharp

Trading Strategy Creation: Blocks vs. Code

2024-05-07T11:29:57Z

"Designer" from StockSharp offers two powerful approaches to creating trading strategies: visual construction using blocks and programming using code. These methods provide unique opportunities for traders, offering both the simplicity of the visual approach and the depth and flexibility of coding.

But how to understand which method is better suited for you personally? Let's take a closer look at the strengths and weaknesses of each approach so you can choose the most suitable one for your needs.

Advantages of Creating Strategies with Blocks in "Designer":

1. Accessibility and ease of use:
Visual blocks allow you to easily build strategies by dragging elements onto the workspace. This makes the process intuitively understandable even for those who do not have programming skills.

2. Quick debugging and modification:
Changes to the strategy can be made on the fly, speeding up the testing and adaptation process under changing market conditions.

3. Visual representation of logic:
Visual blocks allow you to "see" the logic of the strategy, simplifying the process of understanding and adjusting it.

Limitations of the visual approach:
1. Limited flexibility:
Despite the convenience, visual constructors may limit user capabilities due to a predefined set of functions and parameters.

2. Difficulties with scalability:
As the complexity of the strategy increases, managing a large number of blocks can become labor-intensive and confusing.

Advantages of Creating Strategies with Code in "Designer":

1. High flexibility and precision:
Coding allows you to precisely adjust every aspect of the strategy, providing limitless possibilities for implementing complex algorithms.

2. Scalability:
Code can easily be adapted to any requirements, whether it's handling large amounts of data or integrating with various systems and APIs.

3. Control and transparency:
Full control over every line of code provides a deep understanding and detailed view of each element of the strategy.

Limitations of the programming approach:
1. High entry threshold:
The need for programming skills can be a barrier for beginners.

2. More time for development and testing:
Creating and testing code requires significant time and attention to detail.

Conclusion:

"Designer" from StockSharp combines the best of both worlds, offering users the flexibility to choose between visual and programming approaches depending on their skill level and specific needs. This unique choice makes "Designer" the perfect tool for any trader looking to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of their trading strategies.

AI in Algorithmic Trading: The Revolution Has Begun

2024-06-29T07:49:50Z

Artificial intelligence is gradually permeating all spheres, including algorithmic trading. We plan to release various AI-based features, as this trend cannot be ignored. This article discusses how AI is developing in the field of algo trading and the changes it brings.

Impact of AI on Algorithmic Trading

1. Reduced Need for Connector Developers

With the development of AI, the need for connector developers is decreasing. Basic connectors, such as those for cryptocurrency exchanges, are easier and faster to create through AI with proper model fine-tuning. If AI learns to adapt in real-time, it can automatically track errors and protocol updates, promptly adjusting the code.

Screenshot of the process, showing how a connector adapts to a changed crypto exchange protocol:

One of the key advantages of AI is the significant acceleration of development. In our company, we use AI to create connectors, which reduces their development time by several orders of magnitude. Previously, writing and testing a new connector could take several weeks, but now it takes only a few days. This demonstrates how AI can transform processes, increasing efficiency and reducing costs. We will write a separate article on our approach to developing connectors through AI.

2. Strategy Writing

Almost all developers engaged in custom strategy writing may disappear as a class. AI can generate individual strategies faster and more accurately than a human. In algorithmic trading, strategy creators are often not professional programmers (which we understand, offering a solution based on Designer). Therefore, replacing this direction with AI is already possible. Users will be able to receive personalized solutions tailored to their trading style and preferences.

3. Disappearance of Popular Open-Source Projects

As AI develops, the need for popular open-source projects based on ready-made robots or strategies will decrease. It will be easier for people to ask AI to create a suitable solution for their needs and the software they are familiar with, rather than searching for a ready-made one and trying to adapt it.

4. Strategy Rental Services and Purchase of Ready-Made Robots

Creating personal strategies through AI will become easier than purchasing ready-made solutions or renting strategies. Users will be able to generate their strategies considering their personal preferences and market specifics.

5. Level of Programming Knowledge and Its Necessity

The question of the necessity of learning programming is becoming increasingly relevant. AI can already generate code better than many average programmers. This raises the question of why spend years learning when a machine can perform the same tasks faster and more efficiently.

6. Disappearance of Juniors in Algorithmic Trading

With the development of AI, juniors (entry-level developers) in algorithmic trading may disappear. Simple tasks that were previously given to newcomers for training are now performed by AI. This makes entering the profession more challenging, and tasks for seniors are becoming increasingly complex.

The Future of AI in Algorithmic Trading

In the future, AI is expected to become increasingly integrated into algorithmic trading, offering more advanced and tailored solutions for each user. Tracking protocol changes, writing unique strategies, and creating new connectors will all become commonplace. The role of humans in this process will be to control and adapt AI for specific needs and to solve complex tasks that remain beyond the capabilities of machines.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it should be noted that the use of AI in programming opens up many opportunities but also requires adaptation and new approaches to human resource management. We are on the brink of a new era, and our future depends on how we can integrate these technologies into our daily work.

Market Research and Analysis.

2023-06-09T16:42:02Z

💥💥 Market research and analysis play a crucial role in the functioning of a trading robot. A trading robot, also known as an algorithmic trading system or automated trading system, relies on data-driven analysis to make trading decisions without human intervention. Here's how market rese, arch and analysis are incorporated into a trading robot:

👉 1. Data Collection: The trading robot collects relevant market data from various sources, including real-time price feeds, historical price data, news feeds, and economic indicators. This data serves as the foundation for conducting market research and analysis.

👉 2. Technical Analysis: The trading robot applies technical analysis techniques to analyze price patterns, trends, support and resistance levels, chart indicators, and other technical indicators. It identifies trading signals based on predefined rules and conditions programmed into the algorithm. Technical analysis helps the trading robot identify potential entry and exit points, determine stop-loss and take-profit levels, and manage risk.

👉 3. Fundamental Analysis: In addition to technical analysis, the trading robot may incorporate elements of fundamental analysis. It can analyze financial statements, economic news, corporate events, and other relevant fundamental factors to assess the overall market conditions and make trading decisions based on fundamental data. This analysis helps the trading robot identify trading opportunities and manage risk in line with fundamental factors.

👉 4. Market Sentiment Analysis: Market sentiment refers to the overall mood or psychology of market participants, whether bullish, bearish, or neutral. Trading robots can incorporate sentiment analysis techniques by analyzing social media feeds, news sentiment, and other sentiment indicators to gauge market sentiment. By understanding market sentiment, the trading robot can adjust its trading strategies accordingly.

👉 5. Risk Assessment: Market research and analysis in a trading robot also involve evaluating risk factors associated with potential trades. The robot can assess market volatility, liquidity, historical performance, and other risk metrics to determine the risk-reward profile of a trade. Based on predefined risk management rules, the robot can adjust position sizes, set stop-loss levels, and implement risk control measures.

👉 6. Optimization and Machine Learning: Trading robots often employ optimization techniques and machine learning algorithms to continuously improve their performance. They can backtest historical data to optimize trading strategies and parameters. By learning from past market data and trading outcomes, the robot can adapt and refine its trading rules to enhance profitability and minimize risks.

⚡️Overall, market research and analysis provide the necessary information and insights for a trading robot to make data-driven and informed trading decisions. By leveraging various analysis techniques, the trading robot aims to capitalize on market opportunities, mitigate risks, and execute trades automatically based on predefined rules and conditions.

How is trading robot working?

2023-05-19T18:12:59Z

💥💥A trading robot, also known as an automated trading system or algorithmic trading system, is a software program that executes trades in the financial markets on behalf of traders. It operates based on predefined rules and algorithms, without the need for manual intervention. Here's how a trading robot typically works:

👉 1. Strategy Development: The trading robot is programmed with a specific trading strategy. The strategy defines the conditions for entering and exiting trades based on various indicators, signals, or algorithms. These rules can be based on technical analysis, fundamental analysis, or a combination of both.

👉 2. Market Analysis: The trading robot continuously monitors the market using real-time or historical data feeds. It analyzes the market conditions and price movements, applying the predefined strategy rules to identify potential trade opportunities.

👉 3. Trade Execution: When the trading robot identifies a trade setup that meets the specified criteria, it automatically generates and executes the trade orders. This includes placing buy or sell orders with the appropriate parameters, such as the asset, quantity, price, and order type (market order, limit order, etc.).

👉 4. Risk Management: Trading robots incorporate risk management rules to protect against excessive losses. These rules may include setting stop-loss orders to limit potential losses, implementing trailing stops to secure profits, or adjusting position sizes based on predefined risk levels.

👉 5. Order Monitoring: The trading robot continuously monitors the executed trades, tracking their performance and adjusting stop-loss levels or take-profit targets as necessary. It may also monitor market conditions to identify when to exit a trade based on the strategy rules.

👉 6. Speed and Efficiency: One of the key advantages of trading robots is their ability to execute trades with high speed and precision. They can analyze multiple markets and assets simultaneously, identify trade opportunities faster than human traders, and execute orders instantly, minimizing latency and slippage.

👉 7. Backtesting and Optimization: Before deploying a trading robot in live trading, it is crucial to backtest and optimize the strategy using historical market data. This helps assess the performance of the strategy over time and identify any potential issues or areas for improvement. Backtesting allows traders to validate the effectiveness of the robot before risking real capital.

👉 8. Continuous Monitoring and Maintenance: While trading robots can operate autonomously, it is important to monitor their performance regularly. Traders need to ensure that the strategy remains effective under changing market conditions and make necessary adjustments or updates as required. Regular monitoring helps maintain the robot's performance and adapt to new market dynamics.

💥💥It's worth noting that trading robots are only as good as the strategy and rules they are programmed with. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a robust and well-tested trading strategy and regularly evaluate and update the robot's performance to ensure its effectiveness in different market conditions.

What is The Trading Robot?

2023-05-19T18:00:38Z

💥💥Trading robots, also known as automated trading systems or algorithmic trading systems, are computer programs that execute trades based on pre-defined rules and algorithms. These robots are designed to automatically analyze market conditions, identify trading opportunities, and execute trades without the need for manual intervention.

⚡️Trading robots can be beneficial for traders as they can eliminate human emotions and biases from the trading process, execute trades with high speed and accuracy, and operate 24/7 without the need for constant monitoring.

💥To use a trading robot, you typically need to develop or acquire a trading strategy and program it into the robot using a programming language or a dedicated platform. The strategy can be based on various indicators, technical analysis techniques, or fundamental factors. Once the robot is programmed, it can automatically execute trades based on the defined rules.

⚡️Trading robots are commonly used in various financial markets, including stocks, forex, cryptocurrencies, and commodities. They can be used for different trading styles, such as scalping, day trading, swing trading, or long-term investing.

💥It's important to note that while trading robots can be powerful tools, they are not guaranteed to generate profits. The effectiveness of a trading robot depends on the quality of the underlying strategy, market conditions, and proper risk management. Traders should thoroughly backtest and evaluate their strategies before deploying them with a trading robot and closely monitor their performance to make necessary adjustments.

⚡️Trading robots can be a valuable tool for traders, offering automation, efficiency, and potential benefits. However, it's essential to understand their limitations and use them as part of a well-rounded trading approach.

High-Frequency Trading techniques use in Algorithmic Trading

2023-05-12T12:28:27Z

💥💥High-frequency trading (HFT) in Quantitative Analysis is a type of algorithmic trading that involves the use of powerful computers and advanced algorithms to execute trades at high speeds and high frequency. HFT is used by market participants to take advantage of small market inefficiencies and price discrepancies that may exist for only a few milliseconds or less.

Some examples of techniques used in HFT include:

👉 1. Market making: HFT firms act as liquidity providers by placing orders on both sides of the market, and profiting from the spread between bid and ask prices.

👉 2. News-based trading: HFT firms use advanced algorithms to scan news sources and social media in real-time, looking for breaking news or sentiment that could affect stock prices.

👉 3. Statistical arbitrage: HFT firms use advanced statistical models to identify patterns and correlations in large amounts of data, and use this information to execute trades at high speed.

👉 4. Order book analysis: HFT firms use sophisticated algorithms to analyze the order book and identify patterns and signals that may indicate upcoming price movements.

👉 5. Colocation: HFT firms often locate their trading servers as close as possible to the exchanges to reduce latency and gain a speed advantage over other traders.

👉 6. Scalping: HFT firms place large numbers of small trades in a short amount of time to capture small profits from the bid-ask spread.

👉 7. Momentum trading: HFT firms use algorithms to identify trends in the market and execute trades based on the momentum of the market.

💥💥These are just a few examples of the many strategies that HFT firms use. Each strategy involves complex algorithms and high-speed data processing to identify and execute trades at lightning-fast speeds.

Algorithmic Trading in Quantitative analysis

2023-05-08T09:01:15Z

💥From the previous article where we introduced Quantitative Analysis and the main components of Quantitative Analysis techniques, we will now move on to explain Algorithmic Trading, which is a part of Quantitative Analysis that uses technology and software to assist in trading.

💥Algorithmic Trading is a trading strategy that uses computer algorithms to execute trades automatically based on pre-programmed rules and criteria. This approach can provide numerous benefits, such as faster and more accurate trade execution, reduced human error, and the ability to analyze and act on large amounts of data in real-time.

💥To get started with Algorithmic Trading, traders need to have a clear understanding of their trading strategy and develop a set of rules that can be implemented by a computer program. The algorithm should include entry and exit points, stop loss and take profit levels, and risk management rules.

💥Once the algorithm has been developed, traders can use a variety of programming languages and software platforms to build and test their trading systems. Some popular programming languages for Algorithmic Trading include Python, Java, and C++.

💥To give an example of Algorithmic Trading, let's say a trader wants to implement a trend-following strategy that buys when the price of a stock is trending upwards and sells when the price is trending downwards. The trader could use technical indicators such as moving averages and the Relative Strength Index (RSI) to identify trends and generate trading signals.

💥The algorithm would be programmed to buy the stock when the price crosses above the moving average and the RSI is above a certain level. The algorithm would then sell the stock when the price crosses below the moving average and the RSI falls below a certain level. The algorithm could also include stop loss and take profit levels to manage risk and lock in profits.

💥To test the effectiveness of the algorithm, traders can backtest it using historical data to see how it would have performed in different market conditions. Once the algorithm has been tested and optimized, traders can implement it in a live trading environment and monitor its performance.

💥Algorithmic Trading can be a powerful tool for traders, but it requires a significant amount of technical expertise and experience. Traders should also be aware of the potential risks, such as technological failures and the need for ongoing maintenance and updates to the algorithm. It is essential to have a thorough understanding of the strategy and risk management rules before implementing an algorithmic trading system.

💥💥Nowadays, many traders are already familiar with Algorithmic Trading. For the next article, we will explain various techniques and give examples of using each indicator in trading according to the techniques found in Algorithmic Trading. This is to ensure that all traders do not miss out on opportunities to profit in trading.

What is Quantitative analysis?

2023-05-08T08:55:04Z

💥This article will take both new and experienced traders to learn about Quantitative Analysis. Many traders may have heard of or have knowledge about Quantitative Analysis, but we will explain and delve deeper to ensure that all traders do not miss out on the profit-making opportunities from the trading techniques of Quantitative Analysis.

⚡️Now, let's take a look at the components of Quantitative Analysis.

💥Quantitative analysis, also known as quantitative finance or financial engineering, is a complex and specialized field of study that uses mathematical models, statistical methods, and computer simulations to analyze financial markets and investment opportunities.

💥Quantitative analysis has gained increasing popularity in recent years due to advances in computer technology, which have enabled analysts to process vast amounts of financial data in real-time. Some of the key areas of quantitative analysis include:

👉 1. Algorithmic Trading: Algorithmic trading is the process of using computer programs to automatically execute trades based on pre-defined rules and conditions. Quantitative analysts use mathematical models to identify trading signals and develop trading algorithms that can help generate profits.

👉 2. Risk Management: Quantitative analysts use statistical models to measure and manage risk in financial portfolios. They analyze market data to identify potential risks, develop risk management strategies, and test those strategies using computer simulations.

👉 3. Asset Allocation: Quantitative analysts use optimization models to develop asset allocation strategies that can help investors maximize their returns while minimizing risk. These models take into account factors such as risk tolerance, investment goals, and market conditions to develop optimal portfolios.

👉 4. Portfolio Optimization: Quantitative analysts use advanced optimization techniques to develop portfolios that can generate the highest returns with the lowest possible risk. They analyze historical market data and use mathematical models to identify optimal portfolio combinations.

👉 5. Trading Analytics: Quantitative analysts use statistical models to analyze trading data and identify trading patterns that can help generate profits. They also use machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models that can help forecast market trends and identify profitable trades.

💥Overall, quantitative analysis is a complex and multifaceted field that requires a deep understanding of mathematics, statistics, computer programming, and finance. It's a rapidly evolving field, and new techniques and tools are constantly being developed to help analysts better understand financial markets and generate profits for investors.

💥💥In this article, you have already become familiar with the components of Quantitative Analysis. Some traders may already have knowledge in this area, but we believe this article can help you understand Quantitative Analysis even better.

💥In the next article, we will introduce the sub-components of Quantitative Analysis, such as Algorithmic Trading. We will explain what it is, its importance, and how it can be profitable in trading.

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2022-07-15T10:18:19Z

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What is Stop-Loss and Take Profit?

2020-03-03T11:53:25Z

Stop-Loss-a type of order whose task is to set limits on possible trading losses.
This order is used automatically using automated trading systems, which we will discuss later. The essence is very simple: with the help of the Stop-Loss mechanism, when the set price level of the purchased asset (instrument) is reached, the position is closed. In fact, Stop-Loss insures the trader from an unplanned price drop.
This restriction mechanism is widely used for traders. It is used by experienced participants in the financial market, but novice traders often neglect this mechanism, although for them Stop-loss is almost the main method of saving their funds in a positive balance.

Stop-Loss, from a technical point of view, is a regular pending order that has an activation mechanism when the set price level of the asset is reached. The difference between the two types of pending orders is that when using a regular pending order, a new deal is opened, and when using a Stop loss, an existing one is closed.

As mentioned earlier, an important advantage of Stop-Loss Is the automation of the process, which eliminates the need to track price changes and make a decision manually. Of course, this reduces trading losses and time, which is fundamental for high-frequency algorithmic trading (HFT).
For example, in the program for creating trading robots Designer, it is possible to use the Stop-Loss mechanism by using the position protection cube, which can be configured and used as a reliable tool for reducing losses.

The use of the Stop-Loss pending order mechanism is widely used to reduce trading costs caused by losses. As a result, this leads to an increase in profits, not only by increasing the volume of successful operations, but also by reducing the volume of unprofitable ones. The use of this tool in trading strategies is now increasingly used, as it reduces losses, increasing the amount of profit at a constant (regulated) amount of transaction costs. Example of a trading strategy executed in the Designer program.

So, the main advantages that are inherent in a pending Stop-Loss order:
- Using a pending Stop-Loss order in trading strategies allows you to limit losses on a single trade by setting the loss level that is set by the trader himself, which makes the trading strategy more flexible and less risky.
- The use of this pending order insures the trader from an unpredictable situation in the market, in which the asset value may collapse, thereby protecting the user of the trading strategy from losing capital.
- Regulation of possible losses also has a positive effect on the trader's emotional state, preserving his nerves and psychological health.

There are a lot of reasons in the market that can cause a loss, and the frequency of their occurrence is unpredictable. However, the use of Stop-Loss allows you to protect yourself, make trading more convenient, limit risk, maximize profit, reduce the time to work with a trading strategy, and reduce the risk to emotional health.
An important point for working with a pending Stop-Loss order is to calculate the correct order level.

When placing an order, you need to know the following:
- First of all, a Stop-Loss order is a conditional order that is executed when the set price level is reached.
- The application consists of two parts: the application and the condition for its execution (conditions that are edited by the trader, and when a new condition is set, the old conditions are canceled).
- The request is located on the broker's server, through which the trade is carried out, and is sent only when the necessary condition is reached.

Let's look at the most well-known methods of working with Stop Loss:
- Fixed Stop-Loss:
The trader sets the value in the tool settings equal to the number of points from the initial price of the asset to open the order.
- Flexible Stop-Loss:
A more flexible method that takes the result of market analysis (minimum and maximum prices for an asset for a period, price change charts, and other analysis tools) as the basis for setting the opening price value. This is a more complex, but more reliable method than the previous one.
- Break-even trading:
A rather complex method aimed at dynamically changing the set Stop-Loss level by moving the set value from the drawdown area to the guaranteed profit area at a time when the price has already changed significantly in the set direction.
- Trailing stop:
A more advanced method of the previous method, which involves automatic means of transferring the Stop-Loss level.
- Trend:
We will devote a separate article to this method and analyze it later.

Let's add a few more words and talk about Take Profit.
Just like Stop-Loss, Take Profit is a pending order aimed at fixing profits. When the asset price reaches the price set by the trader, the order is executed, and the trader makes a profit by closing the position.
The level of execution of Take Profit is set by the trader himself, and as in the case of Stop-Loss, it is often used with the use of automated trading systems, trading robots and trading systems.
This type of order - limit, is executed only when the asset price reaches a predetermined level.
There are two types of "entry into a position" - the beginning of trading operations:
- Long position (long, long, buy) - purchase request;
- Short position (short, short, sell) - request for sale.

If we start trading with a purchase, we set the take Profit order execution level above the asset purchase price.
If we start trading with a sale, we set the take Profit order execution level below the asset's sale price.

In conclusion, it is worth mentioning the ratio of the orders considered.
Using both orders reduces the risk of loss and increases profit. The use of both of these orders in each of the trading situations is purely individual, it is impossible to say unequivocally what is most applicable, what is least. The level of use of pending orders is determined by the trader, in relation to each situation and trading strategy separately. However, the combination of techniques with the use of pending orders and trading robots makes it possible to facilitate the work of the trader, makes it possible to concentrate on analysis, reducing the time to track the situation on the stock market.

Arbitrage trading. Principles, types.

2020-02-04T18:52:36Z

What is Arbitration, general concepts.

Recently, the concept of Arbitration has been found quite often in trade. What is Arbitration?
Arbitration is a method of profit that minimizes the risk of loss by using the price difference for the same asset in different markets.
Today, this mode of trade is a commonly used trade tactic.
Let us consider what this mode of trade consists of.
The point is to sell the same asset at a higher price in one market and purchase the same asset at a lower price in another market.
Such trade is one of the most important components of the market, and most traders seek to conduct such trade, effectively reducing the possibility of loss to a minimum.
Although the nature of arbitration consists of price differences of one asset in different markets, this strategy can be applied to two assets with similar prices and portfolio volume.
Consider what the arbitration portfolio is and its properties:
- Arbitration portfolio - portfolio of assets, which does not require additional resources of the investor.
- The arbitration portfolio is not influenced by any factor, that is, has zero risk.
In fact, for an investor, an arbitration portfolio is a tool that allows it to receive a large return, while remaining unaffected by various risks.
A simple example of arbitration trade:
Suppose the value of asset A on one of the exchanges is $100, while the value of the same asset on the other exchange is $105.
A trader acquires an asset on one exchange, where its value is lower, and sells it on an exchange, where the value of it is higher. Thanks to this strategy, the trader gains profit, in the form of price differences of asset A on various exchanges.
This example is quite simplified, and is given only for the sake of clarity, in real trade the implementation of such transactions has its own difficulties.

Choice of pair in arbitration.

Let us once again define Arbitration Trade based on practical knowledge of it.
Arbitration trading is a method in which trading is carried out by means of differently directed transactions with an asset or assets having similar prices and portfolios, based on the difference in their value. In fact, the trader buys a cheaper asset and sells a more expensive asset similar to the first asset.
Often, the arbitration pair selects a base and derivative asset (for example, shares and stock futures). Both assets should have similar price dynamics - correlation.
However, correlation has the property of being broken for various reasons.
Such reasons can be related to various serious market changes and to the consequence of market inefficiency. Emerging correlation violations contribute to profit in arbitration transactions. In fact, the trader profits when the correlation of the underlying and derived asset is restored, after its violation.
Simply put, an arbitration transaction occurs when buying a cheap asset and selling an expensive asset when there is a difference between their prices in view of various factors. However, for the rest of the time, the prices of both assets tend to be equivalent.

Types of arbitration trade.

Let 's look at what types of arbitration are distinguished in trading:
- Time arbitration;
- Spatial arbitration.
Temporary arbitration implies that transactions occur with a time difference. This type of arbitration is characterized by a mechanism: buy cheap, and sell expensive, or vice versa, sell expensive, and buy cheap. To put it simply, such a mechanism is actually - a common speculative transaction made on the stock exchange market.
Temporary arbitration contains a risk, as during the period of time the trend may not change the direction of movement, that is, if the trader initially bought the asset for cheap, it is not a fact that after time the asset will not cease to be cheap, thus bringing a loss on sale.
The next type of arbitration is spatial. With this type of arbitration, a couple of transactions are bought and sold at the same time but at different sites. In such transactions risk is minimal, and sometimes at all reduced to zero, as a couple of transactions take place simultaneously, at the same time the trader should take into account not only the difference in the price of the asset, but also possible commissions, which should be included in the expenses and covered by the amount of profit.
In addition to the types of transaction time, arbitration is divided into trading methods. Let 's look at the main ones and explain them.
Spatial arbitration is divided into the following types:
- Equivalent arbitration;
- Regulatory arbitration;
- Calendar arbitration;
- Percentage arbitration.

Equivalent arbitration refers to such transactions in which the underlying asset and derivative asset (derivative) are considered. Since the price of a derivative always strives for the price of a basic asset, price schedules go alongside each other, sometimes intersecting and diverging.
If we simultaneously open equidistant positions on the selected asset and its derivative, when they have the maximum divergence, then closing the position when they converge will make a profit.
Regulatory arbitration is based on the difference in price caused by different rules in different jurisdictions (areas, countries, unions).
For example: due to certain legislation, an asset in one region is sold with a markdown, and its price is correlated with prices in other regions, differing by a stable markdown difference. In this way, by purchasing an asset in one region and selling it in another, you can earn a profit in the amount of a markdown.
Calendar arbitration is based on the difference in price arising between futures on the same asset but having different delivery times. This difference is called a calendar spread. The subsequent trading mechanism is similar to the equivalent arbitration method.
The last type is interest arbitration. This arbitration takes place on the foreign exchange market (Forex), and there are two types:
- No forward coverage;
- With forward cover.
The essence of arbitration is that the currency is bought and placed on a deposit with a set percentage. The currency is then sold at the current market rate. If the currency purchase occurs with the sale of a forward contract for the same amount, arbitration with forward coverage. With this type of risk is minimal, and for frequent absence.
If the purchase is made without forward support, arbitration without forward coverage. Such arbitration may be accompanied by a large risk based on a change in exchange value, which may result in a loss that is greater than the percentage of income on the deposit.
Triangular arbitration is also common in the Forex market. Let 's look at it with an example:
The trader buys EUR/USD, sells EUR/GBP at the same time, and buys USD/GBP. An equilibrium triangular contour is created. It turns out that the trader bought Euro for dollars, sold Euro for Pounds, Bought Dollars for Pounds. Thus, a closed chain is obtained, on the imbalance of which profit is made.The scheme of such arbitration is shown below:

Conclusions

Arbitration trade has gained a lot of recognition among traders. A large number of approaches to solving the problems of arbitration trade, a large number of methods used to implement the tasks make this kind very flexible, and the absence of risk or its minimum value further popularizes it.
However, it is worth saying that the strategies of arbitration to direct, are related to the rate of reaction of the trader to changes in the asset. This leads to various requirements that promote successful trade:
- Fractions of a second play a major role in arbitration strategies. Therefore, such trading systems require good software. It can be represented by ready-made trading robots. For example, StockSharp offers the robot "Edward", which allows you to work using the trader's arbitrage strategy and is capable of quick and flexible configuration.
High-quality software is especially important when working for Forex, as the number of traders is high. Therefore, many prefer an individual approach and create trade robots on their own through various programs. Trading robots are mostly written in powerful C# or C++ languages, using libraries such as S#.API and Interactive Brokers API.
Recent years have also received designers of trade strategies TSlab and S#.Designer, which allow to create trade robots without programming.Below is an example of a trading robot created using S#.Designer, the graph shows the moment of divergence of assets and their convergence with the subsequent transaction by the robot.

Application of the latest software leads to reduction of risks and improvement of the mechanism of work and as a result to increase of profit.
- It is important to remember that the strategy, even if there is perfect software, is profitable, if the income will exceed the possible risk and all broker commissions.
- It is worth remembering even using a trading robot, the risk can not always be reduced, so the trader must constantly manage his strategy, improve his tools and his knowledge. Learning new principles that can be applied in trading can make a trader a pioneer in making profits.
It is necessary to know that arbitration strategies can and should be combined with other types of exchange trade, which will give additional opportunities in income generation.

FAQ on Aalgorithmic trading. The history of algorithmic trading.

2020-01-27T15:09:19Z

The start and emergence of algorithmic trading can be considered the 98th year of the last century, when the us securities Commission (abbreviated SEC), decided on the possibility of using electronic trading platforms, and as a result, the use of trading robots for algorithmic trading.

All this gave rise to a leap in technology in the field of trade.
There are several periods that are particularly important:
- the beginning of the 2000s, this period of technology allowed you to make automatic transactions in a few seconds, despite the low speed it was a breakthrough, according to the SEC calculation, robots account for less than 8% of transactions.
- the end of the 2000s was characterized by an increase in the speed of transactions up to milliseconds, during this period the number of transactions made by trading robots exceeded 55-60%.
- late period since 2010, the number of use of trading robots has decreased, and amounted to about 45-50%. Experts attribute the decline in usage to an increased number of errors and failures of trading robots.
Today, algorithmic trading (HFT trading) is one of the most important components of exchange trading. Not only private traders, but also large companies-invest. banks and funds use trading robots in their work.

The annual investment of companies in the development of tools for algorithmic trading is growing, and the result of such developments brings its own income.
StockSharp has been providing traders with all the necessary tools for algorithmic trading for many years, starting with connectors for exchange trading and ending with software that allows them to work on all trading platforms around the world.
You can find more information about the list on our website.

FAQ on Algorithmic trading. What is Algorithmic trading?

2019-12-24T15:37:52Z

The concept of algorithmic trading there are two values:
- Algotrading -an automatic system that allows you to open trades within the created algorithm, without the participation of a trader;
- Algorithmic trading – a method of execution of a large order, in which the order is automatically divided into parts, and is submitted consistently according to the established rules.

In the first case, algorithms are needed to make a profit, using automatic market analysis and opening positions. Such algorithms have other names such as "trading robot" or "Advisor".
In the second case, the algorithm is used in order to simplify the work of the trader in manual trading when making transactions in large volumes.
StockSharp company pursuing its goal to facilitate the work of the trader and bring it to a higher and more profitable level, has developed several programs to help the trader in this.
Among these programs is S#.Designer.

It allows you to create trading robots for algorithmic trading.
Our company has created a program that will help the novice trader to create his strategy with the help of dice. In fact, it is a constructor that requires a trader only to understand the market and the developed strategy, which is quite simple to implement and implement in trading processes. More information about the program can be found on our website.

FAQ on Crypto trading. Сrypto trading what is it?

2019-12-02T16:13:58Z

Good afternoon.
Today we will consider a relatively young type of trade - Сrypto trading. What is the difference between cryptocurrency token trading and traditional trading? Traditional trading is, for example, trading in precious metals, currencies and stocks. The main difference between crypto trading and trading on the stock market is the high volatility of the exchange rate.[nerd]
Traders want to get a return of thousands of percent of the transaction, but in the stock market, such transactions are extremely rare, and the time of its occurrence is large enough, they buy shares of little-known companies in the hope of increasing capitalization, which is sometimes not feasible. Below is a graph of the change in the exchange rate of various exchange instruments for several years, which shows how much the exchange rate of cryptocurrency is changing, which allows you to earn more.

In Crypto trading, fast trades with high returns are quite common. Crypto trading has the greatest similarity with Forex trading. Here, too, the value of currencies is volatile, and stock speculators earn by selling more expensive cryptocurrency and buying cheaper.
Different strategies and opportunities can be used to work in the cryptocurrency market. The Designer program, for example, offers a trading solution by building its profitable strategy.

Anyone, even a novice trader, can build his robot with the help of cubes responsible for the trading algorithm. Built-in capabilities for debugging strategies on different markets, with the ability to trade on several platforms at once, make it an indispensable tool. More information about all the products of our company can be found on our website.

FAQ on FIX Protocol. Limit orders FOK and IOC (FAK).

2019-11-15T18:04:12Z

Earlier, we said that the FIX Protocol not only increased the speed of traders in the market, but also provided an opportunity for market participants to use limit orders, which reduced the risks of trading. Let's take a closer look at two types of limit orders.
Let's start with the FOK order.
Literally, its name stands for - 'Fill Or Kill'. The essence of this order is that it is executed immediately and in full at the stated price, or will not be executed at all, which eliminates the possibility of slippage. Thus, if your order cannot be executed in full, then the order is simply rejected, if the order can be executed in full, then the order is executed in full at the specified price. [nerd] This type of order is very convenient for scalping or arbitrage strategies, as they eliminate the risk of slippage. In fact, we can say that the "Edward – Scissorhands" arbitrage strategy from StockSharp eliminates risks. Below is an example of the rejection of the FOK order in the CME system, due to the fact that the order size is 20, and the book contains only 19, so the order can not be executed completely, and the system cancels it.

The next type of limit orders are IOC orders.
The name 'Immediate OR Cancel' means that the order is executed in whole or in part at the set price, otherwise the order will be canceled. For example, if the order size is 100 units, only 50 units can be sold at the set price. If we use an order of type FOK, the system will cancel it, as it can not be fully executed. When using the IOC limit order, the order will be executed for 50 units, and the remaining ones will be canceled. IOC also has another name FAK, which stands for 'Fill And Kill', executed and discarded the remainder.[nerd]
For example, an IOC order will be partially executed (in the CME system, its name is FAK). If we buy 15, and the book contains only 10, then we buy 10, and the remaining 5 are rejected, so this order can be called partially executable:

Limit orders when working through the FIX Protocol allow the trader to reduce risks, and in some cases, especially when working with arbitrage strategies to reduce them to zero. Our company provides a range of programs to work in the market through FIX connect, such as: designer trading strategies Designer, trading program Terminal. We also provide a full range of connectors for connection to trades, including FIX. Flexible system of discounts and reliability of connection, makes us one of leaders in the market. The full range of connectors and software can be found on our website.

New crypto algorithms

2018-03-12T14:07:14Z

Hello, dear friend!

As you already know, we launched the second stage of crowdfunding for the crypto connectors on March 1st. This time, we did everything in a new way, including with regard to algorithms.

We will now provide algorithms without black boxes. All participants will be given strategies with source codes. To be the best in the market, unique settings are required for algorithms. Sometimes this is not possible without changing the code. We will be fully open to the supplied automation.

In this article, we describe the algorithms set up especially for you. This is our technical assignment. We specifically provide complete information BEFORE you choose to participate.

Synthetic arbitrage

This idea is similar to our main crypto robot, Edward. Synthetic arbitrage is built on a long combination of BTC/ETH/LTC//ETH/BTC. Connectors to exchanges, where there are similar coins, are set for the strategy, and then it independently chooses the convergence-divergence on the found pairs to track the arbitrage situation.

Edward-Crypto News
For those who use Edward-Crypto (напиши нам по указанным ниже контактам, если хочешь получить и эту стратегию). За счет значительно продвинутой модели торговли у существующего Эдварда, для него синтетический арбитраж будет возможен с опцией автопоиска нужных пар. Н(write to us at the contacts specified below if you want to get this strategy). Due to the significantly advanced trade model of the existing Edward, synthetic arbitrage will be possible for it with the option of auto-searching for the necessary pairs. For example, BTC/*/LTC/*/LTC/ETH/BTС. The program will automatically select an effective coin as pairs to search for arbitrage divergence. This option will be available only to users of Edward-Crypto!

Pump detector

This is a special automation, tracking the growth of cheap coins with cosmic returns in a few hours. The robot can either monitor and generate a signal or actively enter the position and exit it after a certain movement to take profit. The robot will track all coins on all available connections. Of course, we are talking about very cheap alts, where you can increase your deposits 10 times a day. The main advantage of the algorithm is to get out in time, but the robot, of course, will be faster than our hands.

Carrier

It's very simple - the transfer of money from one exchange to another by the robot. Auto selection of the cheapest coin for transferring, for example, BTC positions through intermediate conversion to cheaper cryptocurrency, i.e. Vertcoin, Ripple, etc.

Modularity
The key point behind all of the strategies being developed is modularity! All of our strategies are run in unlimited quantities within the same program. Edward-Crypto will also act with new strategies, all in one bundle. The Converter will work, for example, in a pair with arbitrage strategies, watching for an increase in positions on certain exchanges.

We hope that this ambitious change in the second round will be even more interesting for you!

Have any questions? E-mail us at info@stocksharp.com and we will be happy to answer any of your questions.
Do not put off the decision, just now one algorithm can be obtained for only 1000$, then the minimum investment will be doubled!!!

Are you ready?